The invention relates to a reactive compensation operation point selection method for a power distribution network based on random matrix spectrum analysis, and the method is suitable for capacitive reactive compensation. The method comprises the steps: (1), obtaining the historical data of a medium voltage and node injection reactive power of the power distribution network, and building a random matrix model through the historical data; (2), determining the number of reactive compensation operation points of the power distribution network through the feature root analysis of the random matrix model; (3), defining a node reactive compensation degree, and determining the reactive compensation operation point through the node reactive compensation degree. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the method remarkably improves the calculation speed, is more universal, and solves a problem that the number of reactive compensation operation points is uncertain during the application of a sensitivity analysis method.