An amblyopia treatment system based on augmented reality (AR) technology, comprising an acquisition module (1), an overlapping module (2), and a rendering module (3). The acquisition module (1) acquires an object in an AR scene. The overlapping module (2) overlaps a preset amblyopia treatment image to the object in the AR scene. The rendering module (3) renders the amblyopia treatment image according to an amblyopia detection result, so that two patterns with the same visual picture in the amblyopia treatment image are presented with different rendering parameters.