The invention discloses a butterfly-type cable-stayed bridge system. The system comprises bridge towers, main girders, abutment piers, stayed cables and asymmetric curved arches. The asymmetric curved arches are arranged in a main span, and in the area, the two ends of each stayed cable are connected with the corresponding bridge tower and the corresponding asymmetric curved arch respectively. Inclined suspenders located on the same straight lines of the stayed cables are arranged at anchorage points on arch ribs, and the inclined suspenders are connected with the main girders. Meanwhile, the tension of the inclined suspenders is larger than the cable force of the stayed cables, so that the arch ribs are compressed, and at the moment, loads are born by the stayed cables and an arch-girder system together. The asymmetric curved arches have the stiffening effects on the stayed cables in the areas of the asymmetric curved arches, the main girders, the asymmetric curved arches and the inclined suspenders in the arches form a spatial framework structure together, and the space stiffness of the cable-stayed bridge main span is improved so as to be beneficial to the effect of resisting the wind loads; meanwhile, the downward deflection deformation of the main girders is reduced, the deformation of the stayed cables is reduced, so that the cable force of the main span is reduced, and the stress state of the bridge towers is improved.