Embodiments of the present invention disclose a frequency allocation method, including: receiving, by a control device, a frequency allocation message by using a dedicated channel, where the frequency allocation message carries a node identifier and received signal strength information on a frequency; determining, according to the frequency allocation message, a station to which a frequency needs to be allocated, and obtaining node information of each station in a network; and computing, according to the received signal strength information on the frequency of the station to which a frequency needs to be allocated and the node information of each station, an optimum working frequency of the station to which a frequency needs to be allocated, and allocating the optimum working frequency to the station to which a frequency needs to be allocated. According to the foregoing technical solutions, frequency allocation of each station is coordinated, and a conflict is avoided during frequency use. Furthermore, automatic frequency allocation is implemented, and labor costs are reduced.