The invention discloses a system for controlling a prawn circulating water culture pond water flow pattern and a cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The system comprises a culture pond, a water inlet system, a drainage system and an inflation system; according to the culture system, the whole culture tank is free of dead corners, no pollutant deposits at the bottom of the tank, and the pollutant is discharged rapidly. The system for controlling the prawn circulating water culture pond water flow pattern and the cultivation method can be used for indoor circulating water culture production such as parent prawn culture, young prawn temporary breeding and adult prawn cultivation for prawns.