The invention provides a carbon dioxide adsorbent, a carbon dioxide adsorption tower and a carbon dioxide recovery system and relates to the technical field of gas adsorption. The carbon dioxide adsorbent is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 15-20 parts of aluminum oxide, 15-20 parts of silicon oxide, 10-15 parts of analcite, 10-15 parts of scolecite, 10-15 parts of a carbon nanotube, 10-15 parts of a carbon molecular sieve and 10-20 parts of an alkali metal compound. The carbon dioxide adsorbent alleviates the technical problem that an existing solid carbon dioxide adsorbent is poor in adsorption capacity and high in regenerating difficulty and cannot meet the demand of recycling cement industrial carbon dioxide, and the technical effects that a lot of carbon dioxide can be quickly adsorbed, the demand of recycling cement industrial carbon dioxide is met, no harmful and toxic substances in the adsorption process are discharged, and harmonious development of environment and society can be effectively promoted are achieved.