The invention discloses an on-board shooting net anti-riot device and an unmanned aerial vehicle. A recoil buffering system is improved, so that recoil during net shooting is well buffered and the impact on the flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced. According to the on-board shooting net anti-riot device and the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is connected with the on-board shooting net anti-riot device through a connecting part of the unmanned aerial vehicle; the upper end of a recoil buffering part is connected with the connecting part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the lower end of the recoil buffering part is connected with a shooting net assembly. The recoil buffering part is provided with a pressing spring, the upper end of the pressing spring is connected with the connecting part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the other end of the pressing spring is connected with a shooting net assembly. When the shooting net assembly is motivated to generate recoil, the recoil acts at the upper end of the shooting nets assembly, so that the pressing spring is compressed by the recoil, and then part of the recoil is buffered by the pressing spring; the top end of the pressing spring acts on the connecting part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and bears the direct impact of the unmanned aerial vehicle body from the shooting net assembly, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can be still kept to fly stably during net shooting.