The invention discloses a partial discharge detection multi-point layout method based on a moment method. The method comprises the following steps: S1) establishing a partial discharge space radiation magnetic field operator equation L(f)=g; S2) carrying out discretization process; S3) carrying out sampling inspection process; and S4) carrying out matrix inversion process: a matrix equation is obtained through the step above, the solution of the matrix equation is obtained through solving linear equations and conventional matrix inversion, and influence of layout location on partial discharge detection points is obtained according to the solution of the matrix equation, thereby providing reasonable basis for arrangement of the detection points. The invention also provides a partial discharge detection multi-point positioning method based on the moment method. The method adopts an ultra-high frequency sensor as the sensor in the invention, and such sensor has the advantage of high anti-interference capability. The method, to begin with, adopts the moment method to realize arrangement of the detection points, and then, carries out accurate detection of partial discharge of total station equipment, so that such system is low in cost and high in efficiency, and operation reliability of the system is improved.