The invention discloses a system used for highway tunnel fire detection and positioning. The system comprises a tunnel-dedicated fire detector, a controller host machine, a distributed type optical fiber temperature measurement system and a positioning system. The controller host machine is installed in a monitor room, and is connected to the tunnel-dedicated fire detector and the distributed type optical fiber temperature measurement system. In the invention, in consideration of the problem that the flame is susceptible to the obstruction of a vehicle after a fire occurs in the highway tunnel, and the detection of the covered flame is realized by ultraviolet, infrared, optical fiber and image acquisition means, and the image identification means is used to realize the accurate positioning of the fire, so that the problem of fire extinguishing system linkage in the tunnel is solved.