The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent substation maintenance, and more particularly relates to an optical cable two-dimensional code-based process layer real-time data display method. The method comprises the following steps of S1. making process layer optical cable two-dimensional code information; S2. scanning, by a hand-held terminal, the process layer two-dimensional code information; S3. reading, by the hand-held terminal, real-time data of a net point apparatus; and S4. displaying, by the hand-held terminal, packet data of the optical cable in real time. Through adoption of the method, operation and maintenance staff can inspect and repair more efficiently, the hand-held terminal directly acquires real-time data of net points, and displays data in optical fiber in a figure manner, so that running staff can acquire clear real-time information carried by the optical fiber nearby a screen cabinet, so as to rapidly determine and position an accident.