The invention discloses a coarse grain type stress absorption structure layer asphalt mixture and a design method thereof. The design method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting the type of an asphalt mixture according to engineering requirements; (2) selecting raw materials and carrying out performance detection experiments on the raw materials; (3) determining a reasonable asphalt aggregate ratio range by adopting a large asphalt aggregate ratio; designing gradation of mineral aggregate according to each selected asphalt aggregate ratio; (4) detecting performance of the asphalt mixture; (5) when all performance indexes in step (4) meet requirements, finishing a mixing proportion design; if the performance indexes do not meet the requirements, returning back to design the mixture again until the requirements are met; (6) analyzing results of performance detection and determining optimal asphalt aggregate ratio range and gradation range of the asphalt mixture. The coarse grain type stress absorption structure layer asphalt mixture disclosed by the invention has an effect of a stress absorption structure layer and has various functions of water resistance and cracking resistance, fatigue resistance, prevention and control of reflection cracks and the like.