The invention provides an optimization method and apparatus of power distribution network planning adaptability. The method includes the following steps: step one, calculating a power distribution network planning adaptability index; step two, on the basis of the power distribution network planning adaptability index, judging whether planning meets requirements, coming to a close if planning meets requirements (that is to say, planning adaptability is high); otherwise, carrying out the step three; step three, weak link identification of planning is conducted on the basis of inner adaptability indexes of power distribution network planning; step four, on the basis of weak links of power distribution network planning, bringing forward improvement measures in a targeted manner, the measures including correcting and replacing an original planned project or bringing forward a project once again to improve planning adaptability; step five, calculating the rising degree of the power distribution network planning adaptability index, and generating a yield rate of the project; step six, forming a backup project database; and step seven, sequencing to-be-constructed projects so that power distribution network planning adaptability reaches the optimal adaptability.