The invention relates to a network defense strategy selection method and apparatus based on Markov evolutionary game. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a multi-stage Markov attack and defense evolutionary game model according to dynamic attack and defense game in a network attack and defense process, wherein the model contains a plurality of sub game stages; solving and outputting optimal defense strategies of the stages of the attack and defense game by using an optimal defense strategy selection algorithm for the multi-stage Markov attack and defense evolutionary game model. According to the network defense strategy selection method and apparatus provided by the invention, a dynamic evolution process of network attack and defense in view of the multi-stage Markov attack and defense evolutionary game model, the state skip of the evolutionary stages is described as a random process from the angle of attack and defense confrontation, and the multi-stage Markov evolutionary game is constructed on the basis of the Markov process; the total discount gain of the game is used as a target function, a discount factor eta is imported to perform discount processing on the game gains of different stages, a network security analysis method and a defense technology system are researched and searched, and thus the network defense strategy selection method and apparatus have important practical significance.