Disclosed is a method for flight processing based on double-head asynchronous visual positioning. The method comprises: placing a material to be processed on a feeding platform passing through an image collection area, a buffer area and a processing area in sequence; using a line camera (200) to collect image information about the material to be processed located in the image collection area; matching the image information with a pre-set picture to obtain a processing path in the processing area; and after the material to be processed enters the processing area, carrying out processing using two independently operating processing apparatuses (400) according to the processing path. Also disclosed is a system for flight processing based on double-head asynchronous visual positioning. By means of the method, simultaneous processing while positioning can be realized when a material is fed in at a constant speed, thus greatly improving the processing efficiency of roll materials.