The invention discloses an underwater visible light communication method, an underwater visible light communication device and an underwater visible light communication system. The method comprises the steps of receiving signals sent by a plurality of LED of a transmitting end via SPAD, wherein the signals sent by the plurality of LED are multiple coded signals acquired after performing serial-parallel conversion and signal processing operation on target data by the transmitting end; performing continuous interference elimination processing on an overlapped signal meeting Poisson distribution output by the SPAD to acquire a detection signal corresponding to the plurality of LED; and performing serial-parallel conversion on the detection signal corresponding to the plurality of LED to acquire the target data. According to the method, the device and the system provided by the embodiment of the invention, detection performance of the receiving end of the underwater visible light communication system can be improved, and reliable communication of the underwater visible light communication system is effectively achieved.