A quick-change conveyor belt mechanism for an unloading machine of a non-metal material. The mechanism comprises: a frame (1), and an upper driven roller (2), a lower driven roller (3), a tensioning roller (4), and an error correction roller (5) provided on the frame (1). A cut-resistant conveyor belt (6) is employed to form a connection between the upper driven roller (2), lower driven roller (3), error correction roller (5), and tensioning roller (4). The cut-resistant conveyor belt (6) comprises: an open belt main body (61) having one end provided with several uniformly distributed first metal connection blocks (62), wherein each of second metal connection blocks (63) is arranged between an adjacent pair of the first metal connection blocks (62) and is connected to the other end of the open belt main body (61). Fastening through holes (64) in communication with each other are provided within the first metal connection blocks (62) and the second metal connection blocks (63). The quick-change conveyor belt mechanism for an unloading machine of a non-metal material facilitates changing and has a low cost.