The invention discloses a real-time power generation plan optimization method with consideration of depth peak regulation of a thermal power generating unit. The method comprises: various power system operation data needed by an existing real-time power generation plane model and related parameter information of depth peak regulation of a thermal power generating unit are obtained, wherein the related parameters include a depth peak regulation discrete output point, a discrete point price, a minimum depth peak regulation time length, and a minimum non-depth peak regulation time length; on the basis of the existing real-time power generation plan model, a related depth peak regulation constraint of the thermal power generating unit is introduced, and a real-time power generation plan optimization model with consideration of depth peak regulation of the thermal power generating unit is generated based on the data obtained at the previous step; and optimized calculation and security checking are carried out on the optimization model to obtain a real-time power generation plan. According to the invention, the output level of the thermal power generating unit in a depth peak regulation state can be optimized automatically based on the ultra-short-term system load and new energy changing situations; on the basis of real-time cooperation with other energy, the power usage demand of the system can be satisfied; and maximum receiving of the system new energy and peak regulation requirements can be met.