The invention discloses an environment-friendly type polishing and painting integrated machine for building steel tubes. The environment-friendly type polishing and painting integrated machine comprises a machine body, wherein a first cavity is formed in the left side of the machine body, and a second cavity is formed in the right side of the machine body. A partition plate is arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity. A guiding groove is formed in the bottom wall inside the first cavity, wherein the guiding groove extends toward the left side and the right side. A communicating groove is formed in the bottom of the partition plate, wherein the communicating groove is arranged to communicate with the guiding groove. A first insertion groove is formed in the inner wall, opposite to the left side of the communicating groove, of the left side of the first cavity, and a second insertion groove is formed in the inner wall, opposite to the right side of the communicating groove, of the right side of the second cavity. A first threaded rod is arranged in the communicating groove in a manner that the first threaded rod extends leftwards and rightwards. A moving platform is arranged on the first threaded rod, wherein the moving platform is in thread-fit connection. An adjusting mechanism is arranged above the left side of the moving platform, and a rotating mechanism is arranged above the right side of the moving platform. A first sliding groove is formed in the top of the first cavity. A second threaded rod is arranged in the first sliding groove in a manner that the second threaded rod extends leftwards and rightwards. A polishing block is connected to the second threaded rod in a rotary-fit manner. The environment-friendly type polishing and painting integrated machine is simple in structure, convenient to operate, high in work efficiency and great in environmental protection function.