The invention belongs to the technical field of steel rolling and discloses a method for controlling the surface pitting defect of phosphorus-contained cold-rolled high-strength steel. The method comprises the steps that a plate blank is sequentially subjected to hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing treatment. In the annealing treatment process, the range of the dew point temperature is set according to the carbon content [C] and the phosphorus content [P] of the plate blank; and in annealing treatment, the lower limit of the dew point temperature is 4.5*ln ([P]), and the upper limit of the dew point temperature is 0.32*ln ([C])+7.8. The method for controlling the surface pitting defect of the phosphorus-contained cold-rolled high-strength steel limits the scale of the pitting defect.