A heliostat surface shape detection system and a method based on multi-view image recognition are described. The system includes a multi-view image collector array, a bracket and a computer. The multi-view image collector array is arranged on the bracket so that the main optical axes of image collectors are parallel to each other and point to the heliostat; the multi-view image collector array is connected with the computer via data lines, and transmits the collected image data to the computer for heliostat surface shape calculation.