A single-ridge two-row peanut sowing and plastic film mulching machine comprises a rack, wherein a traction frame connected with matched power is arranged at the front end of the rack, a fertilizer box is arranged above the front part of the rack, two sowing boxes are arranged behind the fertilizer box side by side, a pesticide barrel is arranged behind the sowing boxes, a fertilization plough is arranged in the middle of the lower side of the front part of the rack, a ridging plough is arranged on each of two sides, two furrowing ploughs are arranged in the middle of the lower side of the middle of the rack, two land wheels are arranged on two sides of the middle of the rack, a ridge surface shaping scraper plate is arranged behind the land wheels, a soil separation shovel is arranged behind the ridge surface shaping scraper plate, a mulching film suspending rack is arranged behind the soil separation shovel, and a floating frame is arranged at the rear part of the rack. The single-ridge two-row peanut sowing and plastic film mulching machine has the benefits as follows: the machine has complete functions, is compact and reasonable in overall layout and capable of completing all peanut planting steps including fertilization, riding, furrowing, sowing, ridge flattening, pesticide spraying, film laying and pressing and the like for two rows of single ridges once and has the advantages of being time-saving, labor-saving and high in operation efficiency.