The invention discloses an industrial exhaust fan reciprocating adjustment device for a pit furnace waste gas exhaust port. The device comprises a baseplate; support plates are arranged on one side of the baseplate; butt joint bases are arranged between the end parts of the support plates; guide frames are arranged on the butt joint bases; guide grooves are formed between the butt joint bases; mobile bases are arranged in the guide grooves; slide pieces are arranged on one sides of the mobile bases, and are arranged on the guide frames; a driving roller is arranged between one ends of the support plates, and a driven roller is arranged between the other ends of the support plates; a conveying belt is arranged between the driving roller and the driven roller; the mobile bases are fixed on the conveying belt; a pneumatic motor is arranged on the outer side of the first support plate; and a driving shaft of the pneumatic motor is connected with the end part of one end of the driving roller. The device can control the mobile bases to realize a reciprocating motion in the guide grooves, is convenient to install an industrial exhaust fan, and can be convenient to quickly dissipate waste gas exhausted by the pit furnace waste gas exhaust port.