The invention discloses a detachable and replaceable automatic tunnel lining inner and outer water pressure adjusting valve device. The detachable and replaceable automatic tunnel lining inner and outer water pressure adjusting valve device comprises a both-way horn mouth inner and outer water communication pipe, a one-way valve water inlet end, a one-way valve water outlet end, geotechnical cloth, a geotechnical cloth supporting plate, a sealed circular ball, a counter-force spring, a one-way valve bottom plate, a one-way valve sealing gasket, a one-way valve water inlet and outlet end sealing gasket, a one-way valve bottom plate gasket, a one-way valve water inlet and outlet end anchoring bolt, a one-way valve bottom plate anchoring bolt and a geotechnical cloth supporting plate anchoring bolt. The inner and outer water communication pipe is in a both-way oppositely inverted horn mouth shape. The geotechnical cloth and the geotechnical cloth supporting plate are arranged at one end of the outer side of the valve device, and a threaded connector is arranged in the center to be connected with a one-way valve. By means of the detachable and replaceable automatic tunnel lining inner and outer water pressure adjusting valve device, the lining outer acting underground water pressure in an underground tunnel can be adjusted, the phenomenon of outward seepage and running off of inner water is avoided for water conveyed in a lining cavity, the detachable and replaceable automatic tunnel lining inner and outer water pressure adjusting valve device can adapt to different inner and outer water pressure conditions, meanwhile, safety and reliability are achieved, replacement is convenient, and the service life is long.