The invention discloses a method for quantitatively representing a coal three-dimensional open-closed hole structure, which reasonably combines a sequence slice method and high-resolution scanning electron microscope method and combines an IPP image analysis method and an MATLAB to obtain a quantified coal sample three-dimensional pore structure so as to actually reflect a length, a shape, an equivalent aperture, a specific area, a specific capacity, a number of opened and closed pores and porosity of opened-closed pores of pores of a coal sample. The method comprises the following steps: step I: extracting raw coal, preparing a coal sample, and adhering the prepared coal sample by utilizing collodion; step II: drying, and performing sequence slicing for the coal sample by utilizing a cutting machine; step III: obtaining a two-dimensional picture of the coal sample by combining a sequence slice combination method and a high-resolution scanning electron microscope method; step IV: quantitatively scanning the obtained slicing scanned picture by utilizing image analysis software and a binary method, and outputting an excel file; and step V: performing MATLAB processing, and obtaining various coal sample pore structure parameters.