The invention relates to a probe protection sleeve tube device of a high temperature zirconia oxygen meter. The probe protection sleeve tube device comprises a protective sleeve tube. One end of the protective sleeve tube is provided with a plugging plate. The other end of the protective sleeve tube is provided with a double-sided flange. The main body of the protective sleeve tube has a double-layer sleeve tube structure including an outer sleeve tube and a lining sleeve tube. The gap between the outer sleeve tube and the lining sleeve tube is filled with a heat insulating material. One end of the lining sleeve tube far away from the double-sided flange is sleeved by a filter cup protection cover through fastening screws. The filter cup protection cover has a hollow structure. A high temperature-resistant filter cup is arranged in the filter cup protection cover and is fixed through fastening screws. The filter cup protection cover is provided with a protection cover window. The probe protection sleeve tube device prevents damage and breakage of the ceramic body probe in the process of disassembling and loading into the high temperature environment of the furnace hearth, has the delay and cushioning characteristics of the temperature change, prevents the sudden change of the probe temperature and solves the problem that the ceramic zirconia probe is broken and has a slow dismounting and mounting rate, and has the advantages of simple structure, processing easiness and reliable functions.