The invention discloses an electricity larceny prevention and detection device for a buried cable. The electricity larceny prevention and detection device comprises a CPU module, wherein the CPU module comprises a startup module, a transmission module, a processing module, a signal amplification module and a power supply module. The electricity larceny prevention and detection device can measure current values of multiple points simultaneously, realizes transmission within 100 m in a 433 MHz wireless manner, and realizes wireless transmission to a master station through crossing obstacles; the master station is used for comparing different phase discrimination data and calculating magnitude of line loss of each phase; a measuring head and a wireless transmission unit are separately designed, thus the electricity larceny prevention and detection device is portable and facilitates subsequent maintenance; and the electricity larceny prevention and detection device saves labor and time, can complete the detection by a single person, and controls the single-household detection time to be less than 10min.