The invention relates to a pipeline optical cable construction release device. A pipeline comprises a vertical wellhead and a horizontal pipeline. The pipeline optical cable construction release device comprises an optical cable reel, a hoisting frame, a dance wheel, a ground veering wheel and a downhole veering wheel; the hoisting frame is provided with the optical cable reel; one end of an optical cable on the optical cable reel passes through the hoisting frame and then is wound on the dance wheel; and after passing through the dance wheel, the optical cable is veered by the ground veering wheel, and then, extends downwards so as to be veered by the underground downhole veering wheel. The optical cable is automatically released through the hoisting frame, passes through a guide clamping wheel, the dance wheel and the veering wheels and then enters the underground pipeline so as to be laid, and therefore, labor intensity in a construction process can be decreased, and the laying efficiency of the optical cable can be improved; and after being veered through the ground veering wheel and the downhole veering wheel, the optical cable is stably led into the pipeline, and therefore, the wear of the optical cable at the vertical wellhead and the corners of the pipeline can be avoided.