The invention belongs to the field of dust collection process devices, and particularly relates to a cyclone pressurization dust collection device comprising a first-stage dust collection barrel, a second-stage dust collection barrel, a third-stage dust collection barrel and a connection rod pressurization mechanism. The connection rod pressurization mechanism comprises a first-stage drive material throwing impeller, a spiral axial flow impeller, a circulation cyclone even distribution mechanism, a rotating shaft, a bearing, a stirring supporting shaft and a secondary drive material throwing impeller. The circulation cyclone even distribution mechanism is provided with air flow collection ports, air flow guide channels, air flow outlets and air flow mixing areas. According to the cyclone pressurization dust collection device, by conducting secondary pressurization inflow and secondary hydrocyclone separation on air flow subjected to separation and conducting rotary separation on circulating air again for multistage dust collection, dust collection is conducted on dust, brought away because the inflow speed exceeds the critical air inlet air flow speed, again while the processing amount of dust-containing air is increased, and therefore the dust collection effect is improved.