The invention provides a high-rise assembly type single row hole prefabricated shear wall which comprises a prefabricated wall body. Assembly holes are formed in the centers of both the top and the bottom of the prefabricated wall body, and the assembly hole at the bottom is connected with a grouting hole in a through mode. An assembly structure of the prefabricated shear wall is also provided. A plurality of prefabricated shear walls are sequentially aligned with each other up and down and are at intervals, and connecting ribs are placed in the assembly holes. The bottoms of the connecting ribs are inserted in the assembly holes of the lower prefabricated shear wall by at least 400 mm, and the tops of the connecting ribs are inserted in the assembly holes of the upper prefabricated shear wall by at least 500 mm. Laminated floors are arranged on one side or two sides of the prefabricated shear wall. Concrete is poured in the assembly holes, the grouting holes and the laminated floors, so that the upper prefabricated shear wall and the lower prefabricated shear wall are connected with the laminated floors. An assembly construction method is also provided. The method comprises a first step of lifting the prefabricated shear walls; a second step of lifting prefabricated floors and a floor steel bar framework; a third step of installing the connecting ribs; a fourth step of pouring concrete; a fifth step of repeating the first step to the fourth step to implement the prefabricated shear wall of each layer. The high-rise assembly type single row hole prefabricated shear wall has the advantages of construction rapidness, short construction periods and low cost.