The invention discloses a novel efficient pneumatic diaphragm pump comprising a liquid suction structure and a power structure. The right side of the liquid suction structure is connected with the power structure. The liquid suction structure comprises an outer shell plate and a diaphragm. A cylinder chamber is arranged on the right side of the liquid suction structure. A movable column is arranged on the top of the cylinder chamber. The diaphragm is arranged on the left side of the cylinder chamber and movably connected with the outer shell plate. A concave cavity is formed in the outer shell plate. A water inlet channel is arranged on the lower left side of the outer shell plate. A movable ball is arranged in the water inlet channel, and a movable cover plate is arranged on the top of the movable ball. A water outlet channel is arranged on the upper left side of the outer shell plate. A movable ball is arranged in the water outlet channel. A water outlet is formed in the left side of the water outlet channel. Compressed air is used as power of the device, no harmful gas is discharged, no electric spark can be generated, electrostatic spark is also prevented after grounding, particle-containing liquid can pass, and because volume type work is achieved and the movable balls are arranged at an inlet and an outlet correspondingly, the novel efficient pneumatic diaphragm pump is not likely to be blocked.