The invention discloses a device for monitoring the temperature of a marine drilling platform for testing. The device comprises a wind power and wind direction monitoring device which is detachably arranged in a to-be-monitored area, a plurality of wind collecting drums which are arranged at the top of a supporting frame through spherical wind measuring devices, speed sensors which are arranged on the wind collecting drums and are used for detecting the rotating speeds of the wind collecting drums, and a temperature monitoring device; the temperature monitoring device is connected with the wind power monitoring device and comprises an optical system, a detector and a temperature and humidity sensor which is used for measuring the ambient temperature and humidity; when infrared energy radiated by the to-be-detected area is transmitted to the temperature monitoring device through an atmospheric medium, the energy which is radiated through a target is gathered to the detector by the optical system; the temperature and the wind direction of a to-be-tested object are recorded precisely; the flexibility is high. The invention also provides a method for monitoring the temperature of the marine drilling platform for testing. Errors of a temperature measuring device are corrected by detecting the ambient temperature and humidity, so that the temperature of the to-be-detected object is measured accurately in real time.