The invention relates to the technical field of transmission line external damage prevention, and provides a transmission line external damage preventing device based on microwave induction and a vehicle. The device comprises a box body, at least one microwave probe, a data processing unit installed inside the box body, a relay, and a power module. The output ends of the microwave probes are electrically connected with the input end of the data processing unit. A first output end of the data processing unit is electrically connected with the input end of the relay. The power module and the data processing unit are electrically connected together. The device has a reasonable and compact structure. The microwave probes monitor the electrical field at a position where a vehicle may touch a line. The device can indicate whether the location of the vehicle will cause line tripping. Possible error caused by manual vehicle command is avoided. Under the control of the data processing unit, a vehicle can be flamed out when the vehicle is likely to cause tripping of a transmission line. Compared with the scheme in which the driver is reminded to avoid a line when the vehicle is close to the line, the time for hidden danger processing is reduced.