Provided is a light-emitting composition that contains a first conductive polymer, a second conductive polymer, a polymer electrolyte, and an electrolytic salt, wherein the absolute value of the energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) or the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) of the first conductive polymer and the second conductive polymer is 0.5 eV or less. Also provided are a light-emitting electrochemical element in which a first electrode, a light-emitting layer comprising the light-emitting composition, and a second electrode are laminated in this order, and a light-emitting device including the light-emitting electrochemical element. Although this light-emitting device has an element structure in which each layer of the light-emitting electrochemical element has a simple structure, the light-emitting device enables the emission of white light that is as close to white as possible.