The present invention relates to a prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) strain testing method based on fiber bragg grating (FBG) strain sensing technology. The PCCP strain testing method comprises the steps of S1: measuring point arrangement by uniformly arranging FBG strain gauges on the inner wall of cylinder core concrete on the inner side of a steel cylinder, the outer wall of the steel cylinder, the cylinder core concrete outside the steel cylinder, prestressed steel wires and the protective layer mortar, using large-range patch-type strain gauges and serially connecting the FBG strain gauges, wherein the FBG strain gauges on the inner wall of cylinder core concrete on the inner side of a steel cylinder and the FBG strain gauges on the outer wall of the steel cylinder are serially connected through laying fiber leads; S2: fiber lead wire integration by introducing the end portions of all fiber leads into a junction box of the PCCP, conducting test wire integration and leading the integrated fiber leads outside the PCCP; S3 pouring glue to seal the junction box and conducting waterproofing treatment. The method ensures the advantages of anti-electromagnetic interference characteristics, good durability and high precision.