The present invention provides a system and method of optical fiber vibration measurement based on a real-model experiment line OPGW optical cable. The system comprises an optical path modulation system and an electronic demodulation system connected with the optical path modulation system; the optical path modulation system comprises a pulse laser sequence unit, a photovoltaic conversion unit and a circulator connected with the pulse laser sequence unit and the photovoltaic conversion unit, and the circulator is connected with the test optical fiber of a galloping line; the electronic demodulation system comprises an analog-digital conversion unit, a digital signal processing unit, a CPU unit and a man-machine interaction terminal, and the CPU unit is connected with the man-machine interaction terminal through a video line; and the digital signal processing unit comprises a programmable logic controller and an adapter module interface, and a high-speed transmission engine unit. The system and method of optical fiber vibration measurement based on the real-model experiment line OPGW optical cable can provide a targeted vibration measurement test scheme to perform monitoring on the special real-model experiment aiming at the galloping and vibration features so as to realize the collection and analysis of vibration feature data of the OPGW optical cables.