The invention relates to a bionic communication detection method based on a prolate spheroidal wave function, and relates to the prolate spheroidal wave function. The method comprises the steps of (1) utilizing the prolate spheroidal wave function (PSWF) and various-order functions as primary functions for fitting a dolphin communication signal; (2) extracting a waveform envelope of the dolphin communication signal and calculating extreme points of the waveform envelope; (3) extracting a waveform between the extreme points; (4) constructing multiple prolate spheroidal wave functions and carrying out weighted fitting; (5) determining a prolate spheroidal wave function combining function and a related function of the extreme point waveform, and obtaining an extreme value; (6) giving an iteration value, and repetitively calculating the step (4) and (5) until obtaining a suitable weighted value of an impulse function group. The bionic communication detection method based on the prolate spheroidal wave function is applied in a communication detection integrated system. The dolphin communication signal is fitted by utilizing the PSWF, a reliable bionic communication sequence waveform based on the PSWF is designed, the aim of hiding information is achieved, the integrated bionic communication and detection system is built, and the concealment and the reliability of underwater acoustic communication are improved.