The invention, which belongs to the technical field of material performance testing, discloses a test device and method for a sliding friction force of a biological soft tissue material. According to the method, on the basis of the law of conservation of energy, testing of a sliding friction force between soft tissue materials is carried out; and the method is especially suitable for biological soft tissue materials that can not be tested easily currently and include the muscle, skin, cartilage and blood vessel. The testing technique based on a simple principle is easy to operate; the testing precision is high; and the sliding friction characteristic between the biological materials can be reflected effectively. The test device and method have the potential application value in biomaterial testing and soft tissue engineering fields.