The invention provides a jaundice treatment box. The jaundice treatment box comprises a light source box and a control system, the light source box comprises a box body structure and multiple blue light LED lamps, the box body structure comprises an upper box, a lower box and a bed body component, the upper box is movably connected with the lower box, the side wall of the upper box and the side wall of the lower box are each of a double-layer hollow structure and are communicated with each other to form an annular air passage, the control system comprises a temperature control system and a control displayer, the temperature control system comprises an air cooling system and the blue light LED lamps, the air cooling system comprises a box temperature detector, a skin temperature detector, a draught fan and the annular air passage, and the control displayer controls the operation states of the draught fan and the blue light LED lamps according to the sizes of temperature values detected by the box temperature detector or the skin temperature detector. A temperature control method of the jaundice treatment box comprises the two steps of the preheating stage and the manual control stage. According to a blue light treatment instruction for newborns, operation is conducted conveniently, efficient jaundice removing is achieved, air circulates in the light source box, and the box temperature range is controlled conveniently.