The invention provides a grating plate printing machine. The machine is provided with a printing main wheel, at least one flexible or convex printing base arranged on one side of the printing main wheel and internally provided with an ink groove and a printing device, a T-shaped die head arranged on the upper side of the printing main wheel and a plate wheel arranged on one side of the printing main wheel and adjacent to the printing main wheel; hot plastic can flow out of the T-shaped die head to form a curtain-shaped plastic flow, a grating die with multiple columnar magnifying glasses is arranged on the plate wheel, the plastic flow can flow into the gap between the printing main wheel and the plate wheel and is extruded to form a grating plate, cooling liquid is contained in the plate roller, and the grating plate can be cooled. In addition, the invention provides a grating plate printing method.