The invention discloses an amphiphilic aerogel and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out ultrasonic treatment on graphite oxide to form a uniform graphene oxide dispersion; 2, adding a phosphoric acid compound to the graphene oxide dispersion, and stirring the phosphoric acid compound and the graphene oxide dispersion; 3, carrying out a heating reaction on the obtained stirred mixed solution to obtain functionalized hydrogel; and 3, carrying out solvent displacement on the functionalized hydrogel, and drying the obtained hydrogel to obtain the amphiphilic aerogel. The amphiphilic aerogel prepared through the method has a super-absorbent characteristic, and has a great application prospect in interface polymerization, heavy metal ion adsorption, emulsion demulsification and oil-water separation as a catalyst carrier.