The invention discloses an efficient utilization process of aluminum ash in an electrolytic aluminum plant. Limestone powder and graphite carbon are added into white aluminum ash in the electrolytic aluminum plant and pressed to form spheres for the LF refining process; the weight percentage contents of three components are respectively aluminum ash of 60%, limestone powder of 30% and graphite carbon of 10%; limestone and graphite are crushed, are finely grinded in a Raymond mill to reach the particle size below 1 mm, are mixed with the aluminum ash for uniform mixing, and are added in a high-pressure ball press to be pressed to form slag balls; the slag balls are transferred to a converter tapping station for future use; a deoxidizing agent is replaced during LF smelting; 0.8-3 kg of slag balls are added in each ton of steel; and a traditional steel refining process is operated.