The invention discloses a movable rapid dust removal device. The device comprises a lower barrel, an upper barrel and a central barrel. A separating barrel is arranged in the lower barrel, and a first air leakage hole is formed in the upper end of the separating barrel. When the upper barrel and the lower barrel are connected as a whole, the separating barrel extends into the upper barrel. A circular ring type partition plate is arranged inside the upper barrel, a first waterproof barrel is arranged on the inner side of the partition plate, a circular ring type water storage area is formed together by the upper barrel, the partition plate and the first waterproof barrel, and a water outlet is formed in the partition plate. A second air leakage hole and a first guide tube are arranged on the lower end of the upper barrel. The central barrel is arranged in the first waterproof barrel, and an exhaust fan is arranged in the central barrel. Airflow circulation is formed in the peripheral space of the dust removal device, and the original rough dust removal mode can be changed, so that not only can water resources be saved, but also the dust removal effect is rapid.