The invention relates to an ultrahigh temperature multi-dimensional multi-functional strain measurement system based on an ultraviolet imaging digital-image-correlation(DIC) method and measurement method. The strain measurement system comprises ultraviolet cameras (1,5), coaxial long-working distance microscopic lenses (7,15), a monochromatic source (2), narrowband pass filters (6,16) having wavelengths corresponding to that of the monochromatic source, and high temperature speckles or friction scratch spots on a surface of a test piece. A high temperature image observation furnace and a matched high temperature mechanical testing device are used to apply force and thermal load on the test piece having a rectangular cross section or a cylindrical surface. A coaxial ultraviolet light active illumination test piece is adopted, and the ultrahigh temperature multi-dimensional multi-functional strain measurement system based on the ultraviolet imaging digital-image-correlation(DIC) method is used to acquire the surface image of the test piece. By adopting the DIC method, the two-dimensional or three-dimensional measurement of the high-precision real-time millimeter to micron-level visual field of the strain of the surface of the test piece is carried out. A principle is simple, and a structure is compact. By adopting cooperation between a high temperature image furnace and a high temperature stretching device, the real-time, high-precision measurement of the deformation of the surface of the test piece and the mechanical performance of the test piece in environment at a temperature in a range from indoor temperature to ultrahigh temperature of 2000 DEGC is carried out.