The invention discloses a method for adsorbing and removing hexavalent chromium in wastewater by the aid of magnetic cellulose/polyglutamic acid coupling materials. The method includes steps of acquiring a certain quantity of hexavalent chromium wastewater and regulating a pH (potential of hydrogen) value of the hexavalent chromium wastewater until the pH value reaches 2.0-7.0 (preferably 2.0-6.0 and optimally 2.0); adding, by dry weight, 0.2-10 g of magnetic cellulose/polyglutamic acid coupling materials into each liter of wastewater to obtain mixtures; carrying out reaction on the mixtures in a constant-temperature vibrator at the rotational speed of 100-300 rpm and the reaction temperature of 10-50 DEG C under the control for 0-24 h (optimally 1-8 h); separating the magnetic cellulose/polyglutamic acid coupling materials from solution after the reaction is completely carried out so as to remove the hexavalent chromium in the wastewater. The method has the advantages of low cost, convenience in operation, high treatment efficiency and the like. Besides, the method can be applied to treating hexavalent-chromium-containing wastewater from electroplating factories, smelting plants, electronics factories and the like.