The invention provides rubber composition with butadiene styrene rubber filled with modified nano white carbon black. Nano white carbon black is modified with aliphatic diisocyanate, then vinyl amide is added for a blocking reaction, then aryl ethylene monomers are pre-emulsified and subjected to in-situ polymerization with unsaturated bonds in vinyl amide, so that a barrier layer adopting a high dispersion structure and having good connection strength is formed on surfaces of nano white carbon black granules, the nano white carbon black granules can be separated under the high temperature or high shearing action and then directly mixed with a butadiene styrene rubber emulsion, and rubber composition with high wear resistance, low friction and wet slip resistance is prepared for tire tread rubber through condensation. The problem that nano white carbon black easily agglomerates again during processing can be effectively solved. The invention further provides a preparation method of the composition.