The invention belongs to the field of conduction study of high-frequency electromagnet waves in nerve system summarization, and provides a device and a method for realizing living body nerve high-frequency electromagnetic conduction active detection by aiming at the defects of a conventional direct detection method. The device comprises a high-frequency electromagnetic signal unit, an optical fiber, a detector, a sealing cavity, a bent passage type nerve pathway and a plurality of support plates, wherein the bent passage type nerve pathway is positioned in the sealing cavity; the plurality of support plates are arranged in the bent passage type nerve pathway and are used for supporting nerve samples; the treated nerve samples are placed in the bent passage type nerve pathway; the incident optical fiber is slightly inserted into one end of the nerve, so that the incident high-frequency electromagnetic waves are totally irradiated into the nerve, i.e., the fast detection of high-frequency electromagnetic conduction characteristics can be performed. The device and the method can effectively solve the problems that the interference of incident electromagnetic waves in nerve high-frequency electromagnetic conduction detection experiments is great, the nerve is easy to deactivate, and the like; the fast detection of living body nerve high-frequency electromagnetic conduction is realized.