The invention discloses a first-arrival travel time picking method and device for a seismic signal comprising noise, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the decomposition of an original seismic signal s(t) comprising noise through a noise adaption complete set EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) method, and obtaining a series of finite IMF components from high frequency to low frequency and residual components; screening out a plurality of high-frequency IMF components according to an EIF effective index function, and carrying out the wavelet threshold denoising; carrying out the accumulation and reconstruction of the high-frequency IMF components denoised through wavelet threshold denoising and the high-frequency IMF components which are not denoised, i.e., obtaining the denoised seismic signal x(t); initially determining the first-arrival travel time t0 through an improved sliding time window energy ration method; calculating a local extreme value in a time window comprising the moment t0 through an AIC information criterion method, wherein the time corresponding to the extreme value is the precise first-arrival travel time t. According to the invention, the method can effectively improve the seismic noise inhibition effect and improve the picking precision of the first-arrival travel time, and creates the conditions for the accurate processing and explanation of the subsequent seismic data.