A rapid seed selection method for a new short-season cotton variety is disclosed. The method includes steps of parent selection and hybridization, a first time of generation-adding reproduction in Hainan, seed inspecting in a Hunan cotton area and a second time of generation-adding reproduction in Hainan. The method accelerates the breeding process. The breeding time from hybridization to the formation of the new variety is shortened to 3 years. Parent selection is faster and more targeted. F2 sterile disease resistant strains (single plants having high boll weight and better quality) separated from number 3 Shu hybrid cotton and Xiangduan-2 strains having poor disease resistance, low lint percents and small bolls are adopted as male parents to breed the new short-season cotton variety that is pest-resistant, high in yield and high in quality.