The invention discloses a steel cofferdam initiative sinking deviation correcting construction device. The steel cofferdam initiative sinking deviation correcting construction device comprises steel protection cylinder counter-force brackets, steel cofferdam counter-force brackets, centre hole jacks and pull rods, wherein the number of the pull rods is equal to the number of the steel protection cylinder counter-force brackets, the number of the steel cofferdam counter-force brackets is equal to the number of the steel protection cylinder counter-force brackets, the steel cofferdam counter-force brackets correspond to the steel protection cylinder counter-force brackets in a one-to-one manner, and each pull rod sequentially penetrates the corresponding jack, the corresponding steel cofferdam counter-force bracket and the corresponding steel protection cylinder counter-force bracket from top to bottom. According to a construction method for conducting steel cofferdam initiative sinking deviation correcting through the construction device, pistons of the jacks stretch out for tightening of the pull rods, the pull force exerted on the pull rods is converted into downward press force for a steel cofferdam, and accordingly, the steel cofferdam is subjected to initiative downward press force to sink. Due to application of the initiative downward press force, the balance weight is increased equivalently, and therefore the sinking speed of the steel cofferdam can be increased, and the mud sucking and soil excavating workload is reduced; and compared with existing deviation correcting purely through mud sucking, pressurized deviation correcting is rapid and accurate.