The invention discloses a method for carrying out Raman detection by virtue of a hydrophobic compound high polymer film, belonging to the technical field of Raman detection. According to the method, polyethylene terephthalate PET is compounded with gold nanoparticles, hydrophobic treatment is carried out on the surface of a compound film to obtain a hydrophobic PET-nanoparticle compound film, and the hydrophobic PET-nanoparticle compound film is applied to Raman detection of 2-mercaptopyridine, so that the real-time, trackless and repeated Raman detection is realized. The hydrophobic PET-nanoparticle compound film has a Raman enhancement effect of the gold nanoparticles and can be applied to the Raman detection of low-concentration detected substances.